Dunny Takes The Fifth Essay -- essays research papers

Dunny Takes The Fifth The roles which, being neither those of Hero nor Heroine, Confidante nor Villian, but which were none-theless essential to bring about the Recognition or the denoument...Fifth Business, as defined in the book. The book Fifth Business is testimony of events in the life of the main character Dunstable (later renamed Dunstan) Ramsay. Dunstan feels that his whole life has been spent as the "fifth business" in the lives of others. There is a lot of truth and relevence to this. Dunstan was the "fifth business" in the lives Paul and Mary Dempster, and Boy Staunton because he altered their lives without it ever being distinctly for the better or worse. Dunstan Ramsay was the "fifth business" in the life of Paul Dempster. Dunstan had a great deal of impact on the life of Paul even before his birth, at the simple toss of a snowball. If Dunstan wouldn't have had the instinct to move out of the path of the "snowball", that caused him so much mental anguish in the future, then Paul would not have been born premature and almost still. Ramsay took it upon himself to educate Paul, though the material he used to do this with was highly unheard of, in order to help reduce some of the guilt Dunstan still had with Pauls birth. This new interest of magic and saints is what later led Paul to chose the path he did when he ran away from home....

Trade Unions and the Industrial Revolution

Trade Unions had struggled to achieve the freedom to exist in the early stages of the industrial revolution. Provide a critical account of their early developments, noting some of the major changes in their formation and character. A trade union can be described as an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas and working conditions. They were established around the early eighteenth century and membership was low and most were from within crafting industries but as the success of trade unions became apparent, workers in other industries began to see the benefits of unions to allow them to go from strength to strength and establish themselves in a wider variety of sectors. However, up until the late eighteenth century trade unions were mainly illegal, â€Å"unions were forbidden by special statutes, and they could be proceeded against at common law, for ‘conspiracy in restraint of trade’. † (Derry and Jarman, XXXX, p. 41). Since then, memberships levels, mergers, formations, dissolutions and breakaways, have all had an impact resulting in changes in union formation and character, these can be seen largely through the parliamentary acts that have been passed in relation to it. By examining the various historic triumphs of workers over their employers such as the Match-girls and the London Docker s, it is possible to establish the changes in formation and character and how trade unions managed to pull through the industrial revolution to become such an influential part of society today. One of the first noteable changes was an increase in membership levels because as the employment sector grew with the industrial revolution, workers began to see the opportunities available to them, to improve the quality of their working life by joining trade unions and thus made the effort to form specialized organisations that would protect their interest against exploitive employers. However, in 1799 and 1800 William Pitt, the Prime Minister, passed Combination Laws which made it illegal for workers to join together to pressure their employers for shorter hours and more pay or prevent employers from choosing whom they wish to employ selectively. This made it increasingly difficult for trade unions to even form and as a result they were effectively made illegal. One could say that towards the end of the eighteenth century, tat the journeymen's societies had developed into trade unions. The Combinations Acts were used infrequently and combinations continued to spread across a variety of occupations and the Acts were repealed in 1824, however, this was followed by an outbreak of strikes and as a result the 1825 Combination Act was passed which again imposed limitations on the right to strike. As a result of this, trade unions were forced to use debate and other more cerebal methods to achieve their goals rather than immediately resorting to violent strikes. Another noteable change in formation amongst trade unions became apparent in 1834 when there was an attempt to establish a Grand National Consolidated Trades' Union bringing together all the unions but it never attracted general support. From 1830 onwards, attempts were made to set up national general unions to try and widen the movement and increase awareness and involvement, most notably Robert Owen's Grand National Consolidated Trades Union (GNCTU) in 1834, which gained 250,000 members. Unfortunately it collapsed due to internal strife and lack of funds. Around the same time there was the case of the Tolpuddle Martyrs from one of the GNCTU’s sub divisions, the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers who were sentenced to seven years transportation but a campaign launched for their release had their sentence remitted in 1836. This was the first of its kind and now people were beginning to see a real change and workers interests were being represented more in society and now a large majority of employees belonged to trade unions. More permanent trade unions were established from the 1850s, based on â€Å"new aims and a better organization for the new Unions of better-paid workers. † (Derry and Jarman, XXXX, p. 146). In 1851 the Amalgamated Society of Engineers was formed after sever local and sectional engineering unions merged together (Blackboard, 2008). This society formed a new organisation of trade unionism which was followed by Carpenters and Joiners and other trade unions. These unions were â€Å"respected by employers because they hand money in the bank and prudence as their first principle†. They had a cautious industrial policy and used strikes as a last resort. (Derry and Jarman, XXXX, p. 146). The new Liberal government headed by William Gladstone saw The Trade Union Congress campaigning for the Minority Report, the campaign was successful and the 1871 Trade Union Act was based largely on the Minority Report. This act secured the legal status of trade unions. As a result of this legislation no trade union could be regarded as criminal because â€Å"in restraint of trade†; trade union funds were protected. Although trade unions were pleased with this act, they were less happy with the Criminal Law Amendment Act passed the same day that made picketing illegal. Trade unions also went through many amalgamations and legal changes, for example, until 1850, unions had been involved primarily in local affairs (with the exception of the miners) but from the middle of the century, the growth of railways meant that communications were easier and amalgamations began to take place. The engineering industry was in the lead and the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) was established in 1850. It modelled itself on the friendly society, providing unemployment, sickness and disablement benefits and a funeral allowance. Certain other merging unions – for example in woodworking and tailoring – followed the ASE's model but others kept their friendly society and trade sections separate. And many local societies remained; even the national unions still gave much autonomy to branches and districts and there was a constant danger of breakaways. The model was still predominantly about the protection of craft status, with the aim of limiting entry and even when technological change took place, of preserving jobs for their members and although women were entering the labour market in increasing numbers, there was hostility to women penetrating new areas of work and unions were exclusively male. Alongside the growth of national unions came the development of trades councils from around 1858 in major towns and cities. Bringing together unions locally, their aim was to co-ordinate support in disputes and to help create a climate of opinion more favourable to the unions. In 1868, the Manchester and Salford Trades Council called what is usually taken as the first meeting of what was to become the Trades Union Congress (TUC), an annual meeting to encourage collaboration between unions and put pressure on the government. By the 1870s, the TUC had a full-time general secretary and by 1895 representation at the TUC was restricted to unions, and trades councils were excluded altogether to avoid dual representation. The TUC's Parliamentary Committee took a growing role in representing the union view to government. Industrial disputes continued, unsurprising at a time of rapid change when new working practices and technologies were being introduced. The major strikes were almost always about how work should be carried out and who could be employed on particular tasks; entry and preservation of craft status (which implied having served an apprenticeship) remained predominant aims. Most strikes began as unofficial affairs, later ratified by a sometimes reluctant national leadership; this feature was still evident a century later. But most union leaders had an interest in stability; apart from other considerations, strikes were a threat to their funds, and unions have never been well-funded. From the late eighteen hundreds, trade unions began to grow steadily, by the beginning of the 1880s, the number of trade unionists has been estimated at around three-quarters of a million, most in skilled trades although the majority of the workforce was unskilled. In the 1880s, led by seamen, dockers and gas workers who held notably successful strikes, serious organisation of the unskilled and semi-skilled began. Women too formed separate trade unions. The predominant ideology behind the craft unions had been Non-Conformism and self-help. During the period of the growth of new unions, socialism began to play a part and many young activists were inspired by it. But the climate tended towards the anarchic: these so-called ‘new unions' competed with each other, often with intense inter-union rivalry. This was not confined to the new unions: new processes were blurring traditional patterns of working, and in engineering and shipbuilding there were demarcation disputes between the craft unions, refusals to support semi-skilled workmates in disputes, and even industrial action against them. There were growing demands for closed shops, in which only union members could be permitted to be employed, and blacklisting of employers not recognising unions increased. The result was a spate of legal actions in the 1890s, culminating in the Taff Vale Judgment of 1901 which held that trade unions could be held liable for wrongful acts committed by their officials. A further judgment, Quinn v Leathem, ruled that a strike could be regarded as a conspiracy to injure, and once again unions could be held liable for the damages. These judgments had the further effect of making the leadership of unions realise that a voice in Parliament was needed to protect their funds, and by 1904 over half the unions affiliated to the TUC were also affiliated to the Labour Representation Committee, the forerunner of the Labour Party. Legal developments aside, from the 1880s and up to the First World War, unions were increasingly recognised as having a legitimate place in society. Governments generally wanted social stability, which meant seeking to reinforce moderate union leaders against more militant elements. Many employers had concluded that seeking to exclude unions would be counter-productive, and employers' associations like the Engineering Employers' Federation developed to deal with unions and to provide assistance to their members in national and local bargaining. (Some employers, like those on the railways, did resist however and it is probably no coincidence that both the Taff Vale and Osborne Judgments involved railway companies. ) The terms â€Å"industrial relations† and â€Å"collective bargaining† entered the language, although it is difficult to say precisely when. Amalgamations of unions continued and membership grew rapidly: there were 4. 1 million trade unionists in 1914, as against 1. 5 million in 1894. By the 1860s the main industrial towns and cities of Britain were establishing many small Trade Councils. In 1886 trade unionists in Sheffield were accused of using arson and murder to intimidate non-unionists and this spurred the 34 leaders of these Councils to meet together in Manchester to consider forming a single large organisation that would provide a united voice in the defence of all Trade Unions and hence the Trade Union Congress (TUC) came to be. It was agreed an annual meeting would be held to discuss issues of importance to the labour movement. The legal status of trade unions in the United Kingdom was established by a Royal Commission in 1867, which agreed that the establishment of the organizations was to the advantage of both employers and employees. Unions were legalized in 1871. In 1871 Trade Unions were no longer considered to be unlawful and full legal protection was given to union funds and the year when the Criminal Law Amendment Act was passed which prohibited picketing and placed restrictions on the right to strike. Anybody who sought representation or felt they were subjected to poor working conditions, now knew where to go and who to go to. The Bryant & May dispute was the first strike by unorganized workers to gain national publicity with 1400 women at Bryant and May going on strike, gaining support from many significant people in society. It was also successful as it helped inspire the formation of unions all over the country. However it is important not to over exaggerate the success of trade unions as by 1888 only 5% of the labour force were members of trade unions. Another turning point in history for trade unionism was the London Dockers Strike, where workers wanted better pay and shorter working hours and even gained financial support from trade unions in Australia which led them to a victory over their employers. Over the next few years a large number of unskilled workers joined trade unions. Between 1892 and 1899 membership of trade unions increased from 1,500,000 to over 2,000,000 as explained by McArthy (XXXX) Throughout the century, trade unionism went through many significant changes that widened its membership and allowed the movement to flourish. It is because of these changes and development within individual movements that more and more of society’s needs were being represented via trade unions. It was difficult though for unions to be largely representative at any one given point though due to big political movements that were also going on at the time and also because there still wasn’t quite the feeling of collectiveness amongst workers and unions weren’t largely representative of the majority of society until workers began to realise that grouping together against tyrannical employers could lead to change. For the most part, people have belonged to trade unions because they offer protection – in the early days to provide help in the absence of a welfare state, and then to counteract the greater economic strength of employers, to provide legal and other support to members who believe they suffer injustices, and to campaign for reform. They are products of their times, and like other institutions reflect the political and social atmosphere of their day, as well as their own histories. No doubt this will continue to be so in the future.

False Deception In The Great Gatsby - 1739 Words

The Great Gatsby Essay Individuals perpetuate false personas to such an extent that they are convinced into a state of false consciousness of reaching the American dream, ultimately, this facade leads them to their downfall, exposing repressed reality from idealistic lies. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes symbols to describe the hollow nature of each character’s deceitful persona, which comes to show the ultimate theme of downfall through the individual’s perception of the American dream. The use of gold as a mask for the colour yellow represents authentic wealth versus fake wealth, further developed though Jay Gatsby’s pursuance of the American dream. The colour white known for is purity and simplicity is denoted by Daisy†¦show more content†¦However, Gatsby’s attempts fail as the parties he hosts exposes parts of his false persona. The aspect of a golden turkey, convinces Gatsby s of the notion that like a main course meal he too can have that level o f importance by convincing himself and others that he is rich and has authentic wealth or, in this case old money, similar to Tom Buchanan. The surroundings of the house, the gold brass rail, are meant to mask the true identity of Gatsby, repressing the reality of his fake money, that like the alcohol needs to be forgotten/hidden. Therefore the false persona slips through the expression of the guests at the party, who also happen to dress in yellow, the fake money. As a result, Gatsby faces rumours that affect his image, the one he is trying to falsify for Daisy, his American dream. Towards the middle of the novel, Jay Gatsby’s encounter with Daisy and Tom, further reveals his true identity that eventually results in his downfall in realizing his American dream of Daisy. â€Å"‘Her voice is full of money,’ he said suddenly. High in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden girl [...] ‘You take Nick and Jordan. We’ll follow you in the cou pà ©.’† (Fitzgerald 120-121). Daisy is recognized as a golden girl, a person of real-old money versus Gatsby a person of fake-new money. Gatsby s car and tie further exposes him to Tom Buchanan, due of the aspect of themShow MoreRelatedDeceiving Appearances in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesDeceiving Appearances in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald In 1808, Sir Walter Scott penned, O, what a tangled web we weave/When first we practise to deceive! (Marmion 6.17) In life, people often lie and use people in order to preserve an ideal self-image or to get what they want. However, there are often serious repercussions for those who lie and for those around them. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, this theme that deception and self-centerednessRead MoreColors in The Great Gatsby758 Words   |  3 Pages Colors are very apparent in The Great Gatsby. They often show up as descriptions to many important items throughout the book, and make those items resemble symbols. The color white confuses the reader, and often causes him/her to rethink their logic. It describes false purity and deception within something, which is very apparent in the character Daisy in this novel. The color grey gives the reader a comparison, and that is of humans to machines. Something that is lifeless is described as grey.Read MoreThe Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1015 Words   |  4 PagesColor Symbolism In The Great Gatsby When F. Scott Fitzgerald was writing The Great Gatsby, he was not only working as a writer, he was an artist painting a piece through his words. While making the lives of fictional characters come to life for the reader, one of the main tools he used to do this was by using the symbolism of colors. Nick Carraway, the main character, befriends many of the wealthiest and corrupt people of Long Island, while exposing them for what they truly are in the journeysRead MoreTragedy: Shakespeares Hamlet and Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1007 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the objective is to divulge the quintessence of humanity. Although the protagonists in both works of literature have drastically different journeys that lead to climactic endings, the use of plot is to demonstrate that the essence of mankind is ultimately a tragedy if great care is not taken. Both Hamlet and Jay Gatsby are unable to focus on the reality of the situation, and rather waste valuable timeRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1744 Words   |  7 PagesDeceptions of the American Dream From a distance, the American dream is a hopeful one- that anyone, regardless of race, class, or gender, can become successful and wealthy if they possess ambition and the ability to work hard. However, when scrutinized, this rosy view clearly shows ignorance towards societal issues such as misogyny, racism, and income inequality and instead focuses on the notion of having an extravagant home, fancy cars, and a happy family- all of which symbolize the great AmericanRead MoreThe Villain Of Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Villain of Gatsby Here’s the thing about stories; they’re all different, but they’re all the same. Now, everyone knows how they’re different. Different letters make up different words which make up different sentences. It’s this difference that allows for multiple stories to be told. The other side of stories is much less understood. They’re all the same. This can be seen through the examination of archetypes, most importantly the hero vs the villain. It can be seen in every tale imaginableRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1452 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been many speculations as to why I, F. Scott Fitzgerald, wrote my book The Great Gatsby, however most of these are false and I would like to clarify my true purpose. Some say that I have wrote this book using positive and negative imagery of Myrtle and Daisy to embody the promise and disappointment in the novel and in the mother figure, however my true purpose behind The Great Gatsby is fa r from that. I used the imagery of Gatsby’s house and the characters of Myrtle and Daisy to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald894 Words   |  4 PagesClark-Mane COMS 440 Deconstruction: The Great Gatsby The idea that the â€Å"American dream† consists of achieving unlimited wealth, which ultimately results in unlimited happiness and eliminates all life’s worries, is challenged by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. The novel outlines that power and wealth does NOT necessarily equate to happiness, the consequences of materialism, as well as the distinct differences and divide between social classes. The Great Gatsby focuses on various themes throughoutRead MoreAdversity In The Great Gatsby1118 Words   |  5 Pagesemotion, a novel should teach people lessons and the morality of actions and their consequences. Although some books may vainly appear as obsolete and forgotten, each story shares a different voice and a different perspective of the world. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the rivalry between East Egg and West Egg directly relates to the time period and to modern day society. The idea of progress and the betterment of an individual’s situation is allegorical and timeless. Therefore, Fitzgerald’sRead More##s Of Illusions In The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald And Macbeth1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthem from achieving their goals. Illusion often clouds one’s perception of reality and makes it difficult to distinguish what’s real from what’s imaginary and this is represented in many forms of media, including pieces of lit erature such as The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Macbeth by William Shakespeare. Illusions have been melded into our society, especially through media. On social networks, only the highlights of people’s lives are captured, which creates unattainable standards for

A Breakthrough Invention The Segway Human Transporter

What was once a mysterious invention created by Dean Kamen — which had everyone speculating as to what it was —  is now known as the Segway Human Transporter, the first self-balancing, electric-powered transportation machine. The Segway Human Transporter is a personal transport device that uses five gyroscopes and a built-in computer to remain upright. The Unveiling The Segway Human Transporter was unveiled to the public on Dec. 3, 2001, in Bryant Park in New York City on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America. The first Segway Human Transporter used no brakes and did a nifty 12 mph. The speed and direction (including stopping) were controlled by the rider shifting weight and a manual turning mechanism on one of the handlebars. The initial public demonstrations showed that the Segway could travel smoothly across pavement, gravel, grass and small obstacles. Dynamic Stabilization Dean Kamens team developed a breakthrough technology the company termed Dynamic Stabilization, which is the essence of the Segway. Dynamic Stabilization enables Segway self-balancing emulation to work seamlessly with the bodys movements. Gyroscopes and tilt sensors in the Segway HT monitor a users center of gravity about 100 times a second. When a person leans slightly forward, the Segway HT moves forward. When leaning back, the Segway moves back. One battery charge (at a cost of 10 cents) lasts 15 miles, and the 65-pound Segway HT can run over your toes without causing you harm. The U.S. Postal Service, the National Park Service and the city of Atlanta field tested the invention. The consumer was able to buy the Segway in the year 2003 at an initial cost of $3,000. Segway produced three distinct initial models: the i-series, the e-series, and the p-series. However, in 2006 Segway discontinued all previous models and announced its second-generation designs. The i2 and x2 also allowed users to steer by leaning the handlebars to the right or left, which matched users leaning forward and backward to accelerate and decelerate.   Dean Kamen and Ginger The following article was written in 2000 when the Segway Human Transporter was a mysterious invention known only by its codename, Ginger. A book proposal has heightened the intrigue about a secret invention touted as being bigger than the Internet or the PC, and Dean Kamen is the inventor. The article states that Ginger is not a medical device, even though Kamen has created many medical innovations. Ginger is supposed to be a fun invention that comes in two models, Metro and Pro, will cost about $,2000 and be an easy sell. Ginger will also revolutionize city planning, create an upheaval in several existing industries and may be an environmentally friendly product. The world has a new buzz. Dean Kamen, a renowned  inventor, and visionary who holds more than 100 US patents has invented a breakthrough device,  code-named  Ginger. My best guess, after looking  over  the patents Dean Kamen now holds and after reading about the  inventor,  is that Ginger is a transportation device that flies and requires no gasoline. My impression of Mr. Kamen is that he is an inventor in the best sense of the word — his inventions improve lives and the man cares about the future welfare of the world. Whatever Ginger really is, my intuition tells me that Ginger will make the impact that all the hype claims it will.

To What Extent Can Eddie Be Described as a Tragic Hero in...

In writing ‘A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller wanted to create a modern Greek tragedy. An Ancient Greek tragedy was a play where fate brings about the downfall of the characters involved. It has many other generic features which Miller has incorporated into his modern version. The character of Alfieri is used in the traditional chorus role, and Eddie is often likened to a tragic hero, the main character who contributes to their own downfall through a flawed personality, typically described as their tragic flaw. The traditional Greek tragedies would have been performed in amphitheatres, in which the audience would look down on the actors. Not only is this similar to the way Alfieri looks down from the bridge, it is also similar to†¦show more content†¦Eddie tells Catherine the story of Vinny Bolzano, a boy who ‘snitched to the immigration about ‘an uncle they were hidin in the house, who was then publicly humiliated by his own family and was not seen in the a rea since. This is an example of how the community functions, as Vinnys actions were against what they considered right, so he was duly punished. This has extra significance in play as it is later something that Eddie lowers himself to doing. The story is told to be remembered so that when Eddie later does the same as what Vinny did, the change in him is very evident. Eddie tells Catherine that ‘you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away and with this sound advice Eddie gains the audiences respect. Although Eddie is at first shown to care for Catherine as a father cares for a daughter, after a few early suggestions that he is in fact too possessive in the opening scene, the play develops to show that Eddie has too much love for Catherine. Although on the surface Eddies tragic flaw appears to be his inability to compromise, his real tragic flaw is shown to be this too great a love for Catherine, which, sparked by her romance with Rodolpho, leads to his downfall. Eddies first hint to suggest that the love is too depp is when he tells Catherine she is ‘walkin wavy. ‘I dont like the looks theyre giving you in theShow MoreRelatedHow far do you agree with the view that the tragedies in ‘Ethan Frome’ and ‘A View from the Bridge’ are brought about by individual characters rather 2084 Words   |  9 PagesWithin A View from the Bridge and Ethan Frome the main protagonists are tragic figures. The origin of a tragedy comes from Greece, where the basis of the idea was a drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or extreme circumstance; this usually resulted in either disaster or death. As is true to most Greek tragedies the ending of the shown before the downfall itself. Most victims of tragedy were written to be of a high stature such as royalty, yet both Ethan Frome and Eddie CarboneRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pageswith teaching awards from both the Oregon State University MBA program and the University of Oregon Executive MBA program. He has been a member of the Portland, Oregon, chapter of the Project Management Institute since 1984. In 1995 he worked as a Fulbright scholar with faculty at the Krakow Academy of Economics on modernizing Polish business education. In 2005 he was a visiting professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. He received a B.A. in psychology from Claremont McKenna CollegeRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesMANAGE R ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

Sexual Appeal Approach in Product Promotion

Question: Discuss about theSexual Appeal Approach in Product Promotion. Answer: Introduction: The sexual appeal approach in product promotion is referred to the eroticized imagery of women to provoke the ego of men and entice them for purchasing the products. This particular business approach is so pervasive that it uses women model to expose some curvature of their posteriors to attract more customer for their business. The sexual appeal approach has been trend for product promotion activities across the world for a long time. This particular marketing strategy has been implemented in the sport promotion of International market. In this context, this article aims to discuss the background of sexual appeal approach in product promotion. It also indicates the ethical consideration of implementing the sexual appeal approach. In addition, it also identifies the implementation practice concerning the sex appeal approach in India. Furthermore, it reveals the implications of sexual appeal approach in product promotion in India. Background of the Sex Appeal in Product Promotion: The sexual appeal approach has been used in the product promotion since the last quarter of 18th century. The major tools for using the sexual appeal approach have been illustration of attractive women as well as woodcuts. Generally, it has been identified that tobacco, tonics as well as saloons brands implemented this marketing strategy in a significant fashion. It was claimed by various companies that the sexual appeal has a tremendous influence on increasing the sales as well as consumer interest (Wee, Choong Tambyah, 1995). For instance, the earliest use of sex appeal was conducted by the Pearl Tobacco brand in the year of 1871. It offered sexually provoking trading cards inside the W. Duke Sons cigarette packet, which transformed the company in to leading brand within two decades. There has been lots of other implementation of sex appeal approach conducted by sex and soap, condom, garments companies. The major examples are promotion of Woodburys Facial Soap, KamaSutra condom, Benetton garments and Calvin Klein jeans Company (Adhikari, 2016). After this long journey of two centuries the sexual appeal approach is still proved as most significant marketing strategy for communicating with the market place. Ethical Consideration of Using Sex Appeal in Product Promotion: It is commonly considered that the marketing is highly dependent on unethical practice. The complexity of this particular discussion gets a notch higher when the sex appeal approach is mixed with the teen segment. In the current world of literacy the advertisements are not judged based on philosophical statement but the associated complaint or feedback (Putrevu, Swimberghek, 2013). Therefore, the advertisers must develop their product promotion according to the ethical judgment of the society. In the Indian market it has been noticed that women are still represented as the dormant character in the advertisement. The advertisers must keep in mind that the sexual superiority indication is offense to the women right. As media plays a significant role in the societys perception development they cannot use women as mare sex object in their product promotion (Peloza, White Shang, 2013). In addition to that, the advertisers must not use women for just creating a sexual allure to the product promotion. Furthermore, the advertise practitioner has no control over the watching audiences. Therefore, they should not include sexual innuendo in the teen segment as it will provide a wrong indication in this cognitive development stage. Sex Appeal Implementation Practice in Product Promotion in India: The study on the sexual appeal implementation practice in India reveals that the women have been noticed to be used in household, bathroom and kitchen product promotion as a main character (Shimp Andrews, 2012). However, the on-camera representatives of the product as well as voice-overs are male. On the one hand, the male are observe to represent the authoritative as well as independent roles whereas the female were presented as dormant character in the advertisement. Moreover, it has been observed that females are observed to obtain approval from family members whereas the male are noted to gain approval from their friends. It clearly indicates an attempt to establish the gender superiority in Indian society that often misguided the consumers as they consider it natural order of the society (Percy Rosenbaum-Elliott, 2016). It has been also observed that majority of the advertisement tend to portray the female character as a sex object or a means of stroking the ego of the consume rs. In most of time the advertisement uses women for recreational purpose rather than decorative purpose. However, the contemporary argument has forced the companies to use the women in more authoritative role, albeit it is limited to the female used products promotions. Sex Appeal Implication in Product Promotion in India: The advertising industry highly emphasize on the proverb sex sell that establishes the importance as well as dependence of product promotion on the sexual appeal approach. The extensive study on the consumer behavior has explicitly indicated that majority of the consumers get aroused from the product promotion that has used sexual appeal approach. It is observed that this arousal creates a high recognition of the sexual content associated with the product promotion and thereby the brand (Bharti Kumar, 2016). This recognition ultimately generates the sales of the product. However, it is argued by (Shanthi Thiyagarajan, 2012) that despite the high sales the consumer focus on remembering the brand itself not for its feature but its sexual advertisement. It apparently deludes the importance of the product while maintaining the image of sexual innuendo. The current study on the consumer reaction reveals that the young women compare them with the models of the advertisement. The idealized images of will definitely lower their self-satisfaction and raise the standard of their physical attractiveness. In addition to that, it is observed that the young men and women immensely perceive the advertisement scenario as the proper order society context. Therefore, the use of dormant role will hinder the position of women in the society. Indian Regulation Regarding Sexual Approach in Product Promotion: The regulation regarding the sexual appeal approach as the product promotion is highly vague and confusing in India. On the one hand the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986 restricts the advertisers to use women in any advertising scene for creating vulgar and obscene role (Eko, 2016). On the other hand, it also offers the scope for the creative advertisers to use women as an icon of dormant sex object in the product promotion. The advertisement in India is mainly monitored by Board of Censors before realizing. Censor only focus on the use of sexual scenes in advertisement in terms of their relevance with the advertisement theme at a whole (Trehan Singh, 2013). This particular condition presents a great opportunity for the sensitive as well as serious minded aesthetic advertisement creator to construct a turnaround way to use women for the same purpose. The Censor in India fails to perceive that media just have to indicate their message as opposed to directly exposing the women to nudity and vulgar role. In t has been observed that advertisers more often overlook the contemporary societal norms as well as changing value system at the time of following sex appeal approach of product promotion (Nettelhorst Brannon, 2012). Recommended Practice in Sexual Approach in Product Promotion: It is highly important to apprise the audiences in the case of putting sexual innuendo in the advertisement. The moral intricacy of sexual appeal approach must be recognized by the advertising practitioners as well as media. In this situation, the advertisers need to integrate this facet of fact at the time of developing this commercial promotion. In this context (Wolf, 2013) argued that the ethical consideration is flowing concept and it can transform with the passing of time. Therefore, it is evident that the appropriateness as well as acceptance of the sexual appeal approach in the society must also transform along with the perspective of the society members or audiences. Considering the above facts it can be assumed that the most ethically sound practice would be first review the perception of the base audience. It will evidently help the advertisers to understand the proper guideline at the time of developing advertisement. Moreover, it has been also considered that in the contemporary world the men and women are free to make their choice independently, fairly as well as equally. Therefore, the advertisement practitioners must not indicate any sexual dominance or superiority in their commercial promotion. Conclusion: It can be observed from the above-discussed article that product promotion is significant part of developing the perception of the consumers. It not only creates the preference of the customer with respect to products but also the societal order. The female are often used in the advertisement as a dormant character as well as sex object to create sexual energy among the customer. This sexual energy develops significant product recognition among the consumers. As the censor mostly focuses on the obscene footage on the product promotion, the advertisers tend to create sexual innuendo for the same purpose. It hinders the societal position of the women and creates negative impact on the young customers. The advertisers should follow a more ethical approach by using women in more authoritative role and shunning the sexual appeal approach from the marketing practices. Reference List: Adhikari, H. (2016). Media Using Womens Body as a tool of Consumersim: A Study on Women in Event Management in India. Journal of Gender and Power, 79. Bharti, G., Kumar, K. (2016). Portrayal of Women in Indian Cinema and Print Media: Socio-Psychological Perspective. IJAR, 2(6), 545-552. Eko, L. (2016). Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery in India. In The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery (pp. 77-86). Palgrave Macmillan US. Nettelhorst, S. C., Brannon, L. A. (2012). The effect of advertisement choice, sex, and need for cognition on attention. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1315-1320. Peloza, J., White, K., Shang, J. (2013). Good and guilt-free: The role of self-accountability in influencing preferences for products with ethical attributes. Journal of Marketing, 77(1), 104-119. Percy, L., Rosenbaum-Elliott, R. (2016). Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Putrevu, S., Swimberghek, K. (2013). The influence of religiosity on consumer ethical judgments and responses toward sexual appeals. Journal of business ethics, 115(2), 351-365. Shanthi, P., Thiyagarajan, S. (2012). Impact of viewers perception on effectiveness of couple image sex appeal advertisements. Studies, 4(1). Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012). Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Trehan, K., Singh, G. K. (2013). Deceptive practices in Indian advertising: a content analysis of print and television advertisements violating the guidelines of advertising Standard Council of India. International Journal of Business Ethics in Developing Economies, 2(1), 30. Wee, C. H., Choong, M. L., Tambyah, S. K. (1995). Sex role portrayal in television advertising: A comparative study of Singapore and Malaysia. International Marketing Review, 12(1), 49-64. Wolf, N. (2013). The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. Random House.

Promotional Strategy IMC for given Product

Introduction The following essay is the analysis of Porsche Dubai promotion strategy. The study contains suggestions on how the company may improve its integrated marketing communication program in order to increase its sales.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotional Strategy IMC for given Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The integrated marketing communication is a marketing strategy that incorporates all the aspects of marketing with an aim of increasing the brand visibility and sales. Market trend changes in different marketing strategies incorporated all together are crucial to ensure that the company promotes its products to boost its sales’ volume. The Analysis Porsche Dubai distributorship belongs to Al Nabooda Automobiles LLC that also owns the distributorship of other luxury cars, such as Audi and Lamborghini. The German based manufacturers of Porsche consider Dubai as one of the best ma rkets for luxury cars due to its high population with high disposable income. The company, therefore, has its own approach to market Porsche vehicles in Dubai (Alnoor 6). After analyzing the marketing mix of the company communication strategies in Dubai, the following are the results brought out based on the work done by the company. It indicates that the organization’s results are achieved from the activities done in the company, which are intended to promote the brand and create a positive image (Alnoor 6). In marketing Porsche in Dubai, the product as part of the marketing mix is perfectly designed to satisfy all the members of the society. It is a luxury sports car with high speed and efficiency levels (Kerry 107). Due to the good infrastructure-allowing racing of cars, the vehicle is particularly developed to suit Dubai with its desert terrain. Due to the high number of the millionaires in Dubai, especially the nationals, there is a high demand for the sports and luxury cars as they portray prestige. The fact that one has to wait for a year after ordering the car indicates the scarcity of the car in the market which increases its value as the laws of demands and supply dictate. The design and luxurious image of the car are great marketing tools for the company (Strokes 65).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other major marketing mix tool applied by the Porsche Dubai is that of place. The company distributorship is located in Sheikh Zayed road, Dubai. The attractive showroom covers an area of nine thousand square feet, and offers a real customer experience to its clients by displaying different Porsche models. The financial section division has its own location where customers can make withdrawals and deposits in case they want to buy the automobile. There is a customer service and marketing departments where the customers may enquire and seek for clarifications (Khalifa 8). Concerning price as a marketing mix tool used by the company, the price of the luxury cars is very high as they are designed for the high-end market. Porsche is one of the most expensive vehicles; this makes it inaccessible to many people, but it increases its demands among luxury lovers and those seeking for prestige to reflect their high status (Khalifa 8). The promotion aspect of the marketing mix of Porsche is one of the most effective and the most used tool of marketing by the company. The company has various promotional activities intended to increase the product awareness as well as brand visibility. Some of these promotional activities include the Porsche World Road show that is intended to bring together Porsche lovers. The road show is an event where the product’s fans and the potential buyers are given an opportunity to test the luxury cars. At the same time, they interact with the product engineers and experts who demonstrate w ays of utilizing the car to the maximum. Another promotional strategy of the company is to attract a traditional sponsor of the Dubai Tennis League, which is held every year. The championship offers the company to market its products to the young rich people who are the potential buyers. The enthusiasm and the atmosphere generated by the Porsche popularize the car among the young people. The sponsorship of the event assists in creating brand awareness and brand visibility (Khalifa 7). As a part of the Porsche promotions, the company sponsors Porsche GTS Cup, which is a racing cup where the Porsche enthusiasts and owners compete among themselves in sporting races. The event helps gain customer loyalty and increases the positive image of the brand. The race aids to place the product as one of the best racing and sports car of choice in Dubai (Alnoor 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotional Strategy IMC for given Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other than this, the company engages in promoting Porsche through extended warranty offers to the owners of the vehicle. The company has one of the longest car warranty policies of three years that is renewable. This makes the product reliable, and the customers are less worried about the car malfunctioning due to the long warranty. Unlike other dealers who offer one-year warranty, the warranty assures buyers of a better quality of service once the vehicle gets a problem. The warranty is also renewable after the three years if the customer still owns the vehicle (Khalifa 7). The long warranty period makes the Porsche dealership in Dubai have a long-term relationship with the customers, thereby enhancing customer’s loyalty. This explains why the company’s dealership is the most successful in terms of sale compared to any other Porsche dealership across the world. The strong connection between the customer and the manufactur er has led to the creation of PORSCHE Club where the owners of the car enjoy special treatment by the company in terms of repair and export of spare parts. The company also hosts dinners for the cars owners and provides them with an opportunity to share their experiences. This ensures promotion of the brand and customer loyalty (Khalifa 6). As part of its sales program, the company has different designs of Porsche sports car, thereby giving the owners an opportunity to harness and enjoy various designs of the product that will meet their needs. This also serves as an up selling sales strategy of the company where the company offers new designs to the existing customers. The company is a major sponsor of the Dubai golf championships. Golf being a luxury sport attracts the attention of the majority of people with disposable income. Sponsoring this event creates appositive brand image for the target market in the country. The event also offers an opportunity for the company to display its product to the public and position it as a high-end luxury product (Khalifa 6). The marketing strategies of the dealership are excellent though the recent global financial crises made a large number of people adjust their budgets to cope with the recession. This affected the performance of the company in Dubai like in other parts of the world. This calls for the company to strategize its marketing mix to handle the global crises. The integrated marketing communication will certainly suit the company even after the recession (Strokes 19).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anther reason why the company is in need of the integrated marketing communication is due to the entry of other luxury models in the Dubai market. Due to the high number of people living in Dubai with high disposable income, many companies dealing with luxury cars have entered the Dubai market of the luxury cars making it more competitive than ever. The company has to look for a comprehensive marketing strategy to ensure that the high demand of the product experienced previously does not subside. Competing brands are the Volkswagen, Rolls Royce, Lamborghini, Audi, and Mercedes s- Class and Bentley (Khalifa 9). The changing demographics of Dubai indicate change in the market trends. In the past, only the nationals would buy the luxury vehicles. However, nowadays, due to the increased and diversified economy, even the expatriate workers have high disposable income and become some of the new buyers of the luxury vehicles. Other than the oil industry, the positioning of Dubai as a major international market has enabled the expatriates to have high income. The company must decide how to reach out to these buyers. This spells out why integrated marketing communication is imperative for the company. Considering the fact that the process of manufacturing the vehicles takes one year after the customer has made an order, there is need for the company to have an integrated marketing communication system to ensure that the potential buyers are not discouraged by the long waiting and do not buy cars from other dealerships. The integrated marketing will ensure that the customers are attended to it an appropriate manner. With the increased competition, the company must look for new ways of maintaining customer loyalty as the new entrants in the market may gain the customers over the existing brands. The integrated marketing will suit the company’s need to maintain the existing customers through integrated marketing communication systems (Khalifa 6). The following part of the essay will deal with the integrated marketing communication strategies necessary to ensure that the company succeeds and attains its objective of selling 300 vehicles every month by the year 2018. This can only be achieved when there are proper marketing mechanisms intended to reach out to the emerging market. The strategy must incorporate loyalty programs to satisfy the existing and forthcoming customers, which is very necessary (Khalifa 7). The integrated marketing communication is a radical marketing approach which is imperative for the company involved to ensure that the senior managers participate in the plan. In case of Porsche, some of the dealerships managers need to participate in the integrated marketing as without their input, the marketing efforts may experience challenges. The support of integrated communication program by all managers is crucial as it enhances cooperation among all the departments involved in the marketing process (Khalifa 6). Another important aspect of integrated marketing communication is that the company must have proper internal communication mechanism aimed at ensuring that the departments involved in marketing activity participate in the work. This is important as it enables the company to move ahead in marketing campaign. The internal communication places the company in a situation where the market moves ahead and graduates to the necessary authorities. The next important aspect of the business is to ensure the relevance of the brand (Fill 23). For the integrated marketing communication to be effective in Porsche Dubai, all the departments need to work together to ensure that there is integrated marketing. This is where the company marketing aspects come together with the aim of creating a common front. The common front implies similarity of logos, colors, and typefaces associated with the brand. This is especially important for Porsche brand as the dealership in Dubai also owns dealership for other types of vehic les. Differentiating the vehicles through similar colors and logos, even if their design is different, is imperative (Fill 28). The other major factor in the marketing strategy is to prepare an integrated marketing communication budget. The budget helps in determining the amount of resources needed in the integrated marketing communication. Determining the resources enables the department to focus on cost effective means of marketing, while achieving the best possible results. The integrated budget has to take care of advertising, public relations and promotional activities intended to promote the brand. Integrated marketing requires many resources due to the complexity and integration of all marketing activities into one front (Clow 17). For the integrated marketing communication for Porsche Dubai to be effective, the existing customers must be a part of it. Integrated marketing focuses on data and trends in the market as the satisfied customers have a lot to tell about the brand, and their feedback is very important. Including them in the marketing strategy is important as their testimonials are significant in enhancing the brand visibility and advertising the company brand all over the world (Clow 19). Having put all the mechanisms that support the integrated marketing communication mechanism in place, it is important to formulate better strategies than those previously implemented to reach out to the consumers. Integrated marketing communication is appropriate when it is used to market Porsche in Dubai. The first aspect, when formulating the marketing strategy, is to carry out a research on the market. The research is critical in integrated marketing communication as it provides an insight into the consumer behaviors. It also helps identify the target market of the product without which the work may not be achieved. Identifying the target market is necessary as it ensures that the strategies are formulated with a certain aim of reaching out to the right pe ople. The target market of Porsche is the high-end market with high levels of disposable income. Most of the potential customers earn income and are willing and able to purchase the products at the market price. As indicated earlier, the increased number of the people with disposable income in Dubai calls for the integrated marketing to reach out to all of them. The study will explore the behaviors, tastes as well as preferences of the people with high disposable income. After conducting the market research, the company must use the information derived from it to analyze the behaviors of the target market and look for the ways of the target marketing. The target marketing is a strategy where the messages sent out are not meant for all and sundry but for the people with high disposable income. From the research, information, such as the kind of magazines the people in the target market read, the sports they participate in and the television channels they watch, is very important. Thi s is because in advertising, choosing the appropriate channel of communication to reach out to the target group will be of great importance. The customers will be persuaded to purchase the products in order to meet their needs. Identifying the target group behaviors helps in formulating the events and sponsorships that will expose Porsche brand to the potential buyers (Clow 48). As part of integrated marketing communication, strategy of the company must ensure that it is visible to the growing online community (Pickton 32). Use of websites and Facebook as part of marketing is very important as it helps reach out to the adherents and fans of the model. It also provides a good opportunity for the company to market its products as well as predict the target market (Clow 37). Integrated marketing communication must also take into consideration the need of the company to work together with the manufacturing department. According to the Porsche selling strategy, the customers wait for a o ne year period for the delivery of the car model. With the increased competition, the company manufacturers need to increase the elasticity of demand so that it may handle the increasing orders for the cars. Failure to reduce the waiting period may act as a deterrent to the marketing activities as an increase in the number of vehicles ordered may result in an increased period of waiting (Clow 76). The sponsorships are also an important part of integrated marketing communication because other than offering brand visibility, the sponsorship activities expose the company brand to the public and target group of people. Attracting the Porsche sponsorship of Dubai golf tournament is an important marketing strategy, considering the fact that golf is a luxurious sport, and its participants may have interest in luxurious cars. Sponsorship of any event, which attracts participation, and attention of people with high disposable income are significant for a company (Kerry 7). Showroom marketing is another important integrated marketing communication strategy. The people who visit the showroom are considered as the potential buyers. The attractiveness of the show room is imperative as it needs to have good communication mechanisms to portray or communicate with the buyers (Pickton 29). The visitors are looking for more information, thus the availability of brochures as well as manuals to distribute among the visitors is of high importance. The showroom also provides an opportunity for the company to promote its events, such as the annual road show where the interested buyers get an opportunity to test the cars. It is also an opportunity for the attendants to address the concerns of the potential buyers, such as the price and the warranty issues (Kerry 21). The Porsche members club is an important aspect of integrated marketing communication as it provides an avenue for the company to maintain customer loyalty. Sponsoring dinners and events for the members as well as renewi ng warranty assist the company not only to have the buyers but also sell the new models to the existing ones (Kerry 26). Conclusion Using the integrated marketing is important for any company as it ensures an appropriate time for the brand to address its marketing strategies as well as increase its sales. The integrated marketing communication enables the company to reach out to its potential customers through cost effective methods. It also brings together all the departments as all the aspects of the company play their role in marketing and communicating with the buyers. Works Cited Alnoor, Said. â€Å"Porsche Dubai Road Show A Success.† Dubai Luxury. 7(2008): 6-7. Print Clow, Kenneth. Integrated Advertising For Luxury Items. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2003. Print Clow, Kenneth. Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications 3rd edition. Pearson Education. 2007. Print Fill, Chris. Marketing Communications: Contexts, Strategies and Applications. New York: Pr entice Hall. 2001. Print Kerry, Donald. Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications , pp. 107. New York: Prentice Hall, 2007. Print Khalifa, Husein. â€Å"Porsche Sponsors Dinner for the Car Owners.† Dubai Luxury. 6(2011): 8-9. Print. Khalifa, Husein. â€Å"Threats of Luxury Car Market in Dubai.† Dubai Luxury. 3(2011): 8-9. Print. Broderick, Amada Pickton, David. Integrated Marketing Communications. New York: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print Strokes, Rob. EMarketing: The Essential Guide To Online Marketing. New Jersey: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print This essay on Promotional Strategy IMC for given Product was written and submitted by user Brooklynn Barlow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.